In which electrochemical process do metals lose electrons?

In the context of electrochemistry, the process where metals lose electrons is known as oxidation. During oxidation, a metal atom loses one or more electrons, resulting in the formation of a positively charged ion. This process is crucial in various electrochemical reactions, such as in galvanic cells where oxidation occurs at the anode.

In oxidation, the loss of electrons means that the oxidation state of the metal increases. For example, when zinc is oxidized, it loses two electrons and becomes a zinc ion (Zn²⁺). This is essential for the understanding of redox (reduction-oxidation) reactions, where one substance is oxidized and another is reduced in the process.

The other options do not pertain to the loss of electrons by metals in the same way. Reduction involves the gain of electrons, electron capture refers to a specific process in nuclear chemistry, and ionization generally describes the process of forming ions, which may or may not involve the loss of electrons in this specific context. Thus, understanding oxidation as the loss of electrons allows for a deeper comprehension of electrochemical processes and reactions.