What distinguishes a lithium-sulfur battery?

A lithium-sulfur battery is distinguished by its configuration of using lithium as the anode and sulfur as the cathode. This combination is significant because it provides a high theoretical energy density compared to traditional lithium-ion batteries, which typically utilize materials like graphite or metal oxides.

The lithium anode allows for efficient lithium ion transport during charge and discharge cycles, while sulfur has the potential for high capacity due to its ability to undergo multiple electron transfer processes. This results in a battery that can store and deliver energy more effectively than some conventional chemistries, making it a focus of research for next-generation energy storage solutions.

In contrast to the other options, the use of lead as an anode does not apply here, as lithium-sulfur batteries specifically exclude lead components; the suggestion of low energy density contradicts the actual high energy density potential of this battery technology; and while some configurations of lithium-sulfur batteries may perform better at elevated temperatures, they are not restricted to high-temperature operation alone. Thus, the defining characteristic remains the use of lithium and sulfur in their respective roles, allowing for innovative advancements in battery technology.