What does the term "ion transport" refer to?

The term "ion transport" specifically refers to the movement of ions within an electrolyte. In electrochemical systems, such as batteries and fuel cells, ions must move through the electrolyte to facilitate chemical reactions that generate electric current. This transport is essential for the performance of electrochemical devices, as it enables the conduction of charge necessary for the operation of the system.

When ions move, they carry charge and participate in redox reactions at the electrodes. The efficiency of these processes can greatly affect the overall performance of the electrochemical cell. Therefore, understanding ion transport is crucial for optimizing these systems and improving their functionality.

The other options do not accurately describe ion transport. The movement of electrons pertains to electrical conduction, which occurs in the conductive materials of a circuit rather than the electrolyte. Charging a battery involves not only ion transport but also electron transfer and does not exclusively define the term in question. Finally, while energy transfer between electrodes can involve ions and electrons, it is a broader concept that relates to the overall electrochemical reaction rather than the specific movement of ions.