What is a major advantage of using solid-state batteries compared to liquid electrolyte batteries?

Solid-state batteries offer a major advantage in terms of higher energy density and safety compared to liquid electrolyte batteries. The energy density refers to the amount of energy that can be stored in a given volume or weight of the battery. Solid-state batteries typically utilize solid electrolytes, which can enable a greater amount of active material to be packed into the battery, leading to increased energy storage capacity.

Additionally, safety is enhanced in solid-state designs. Liquid electrolyte batteries can be prone to leakage, combustion, and other hazards associated with the use of flammable liquid electrolytes. In contrast, solid-state batteries eliminate these risks, as they utilize non-flammable solid electrolytes that reduce the likelihood of thermal runaway and other safety concerns. This combination of higher energy density and improved safety makes solid-state batteries a promising technology for various applications, particularly in electric vehicles and portable electronics, where performance and safety are critical factors.

The other options address aspects that are not necessarily characteristic benefits of solid-state batteries. For instance, while solid-state batteries may have unique disposal considerations and potentially longer shelf life, the primary differentiators that are gaining attention and research focus are indeed energy density and improved safety.