What is the function of the cathode in a galvanic cell?

In a galvanic cell, the cathode serves the critical function of being the site where reduction occurs. During the redox (reduction-oxidation) reactions that take place in a galvanic cell, the anode is where oxidation happens, meaning that electrons are lost. These electrons then flow through an external circuit to the cathode.

At the cathode, these electrons are accepted by species available in the solution or the electrode itself, facilitating the reduction process. For example, metal ions in solution can gain electrons at the cathode and be converted into solid metal. This process can be summarized by the half-reaction that shows the gaining of electrons.

Thus, the essential role of the cathode in a galvanic cell is to accept electrons and allow the reduction reaction to take place, which is fundamental for the operation of the cell in generating electrical energy.