What is the primary function of an electrolytic cell?

The primary function of an electrolytic cell is to drive non-spontaneous chemical reactions. This is achieved by applying an external electric current to facilitate the electrochemical processes that would not occur on their own under standard conditions. In an electrolytic cell, the energy supplied by this current is used to force electrons through the system, allowing chemical compounds to be broken down or transformed in ways that would not happen spontaneously.

For example, electrolytic cells are employed in processes like electrolysis of water, where an external voltage is applied to split water into hydrogen and oxygen gases. Without this electrical energy input, the reaction would not occur, as it is endergonic, meaning it requires energy input to proceed.

In contrast, other functions listed do not correctly represent the purpose of an electrolytic cell. Generating heat from chemical reactions is more associated with exothermic reactions, which are not the focus of an electrolytic process. Maintaining equilibrium in solutions relates more to reactions at equilibrium rather than non-spontaneous processes. Measuring electrical energy pertains to devices like voltmeters and ammeters, not the primary function of an electrolytic cell.