What is the role of the cathode in an electrochemical cell during electrolysis?

In an electrochemical cell during electrolysis, the cathode plays a crucial role as the site where reduction occurs. Reduction is defined as the gain of electrons by a species. When an electric current passes through the electrolyte, cations (positively charged ions) migrate toward the cathode, where they receive electrons and undergo reduction reactions.

For example, if a metal ion is present in the electrolyte, it will gain electrons at the cathode and possibly be deposited as a solid metal. This electron transfer is essential in driving the overall electrolysis process, as it facilitates the conversion of electrical energy into chemical energy. Thus, understanding that the cathode is where reduction occurs is fundamental to grasping how electrochemical cells operate during electrolysis.