What is the standard electrode potential (E°)?

The standard electrode potential (E°) specifically refers to the measure of a species' tendency to gain electrons and be reduced under standard conditions, typically at 1 M concentration, 1 atm pressure, and a given temperature (usually 25°C). This value is essential in understanding how different half-reactions compare to one another in terms of their favorability under standard conditions. A higher E° value indicates a greater tendency for a reduction to occur, making it a key factor in predicting the direction of electrochemical reactions.

This concept is critical for determining the driving force of electrochemical cells. By knowing the E° values for various half-reactions, one can calculate the overall cell potential and predict whether a reaction will proceed spontaneously. The standard electrode potential is foundational in electrochemistry and plays a central role in applications ranging from batteries to corrosion prevention and electroplating.