Which ions are commonly found in batteries as electroactive species?

Batteries typically utilize ions that can easily move between electrodes during electrochemical reactions, and lithium ions, sodium ions, and lead ions are prime examples of these electroactive species.

Lithium ions are commonly found in lithium-ion batteries, which are extensively used in portable electronics and electric vehicles. These batteries work by intercalating lithium ions between the anode and cathode during charging and discharging cycles, allowing for efficient energy storage and release.

Sodium ions are also being explored for use in batteries, especially in the context of sodium-ion batteries, which are a promising alternative to lithium-ion technology due to the abundance and lower cost of sodium compared to lithium.

Lead ions are associated with lead-acid batteries, which have been widely used for automotive applications and energy storage solutions. In these batteries, lead ions participate in the redox reactions that generate electrical energy.

Overall, the presence of these ions in battery technology makes them integral to the operation of various battery types, contributing to their effectiveness in energy storage and delivery systems.