Which term describes the deterioration of metals due to oxidation and environmental reactions?

The term that describes the deterioration of metals due to oxidation and environmental reactions is corrosion. This process typically involves the chemical or electrochemical reaction of metals with their environment, leading to the formation of oxides, hydroxides, or other compounds that can degrade the metal.

Corrosion can occur due to various factors, including moisture, salt, acids, and other corrosive agents present in the environment. It is a significant concern in many industries, as it can affect the structural integrity of metals used in construction, transportation, and various machinery.

In contrast, electrolysis refers to a process where electrical energy is used to drive a non-spontaneous chemical reaction, often employed in the purification of metals or the decomposition of substances. Conductivity relates to the ability of a material to conduct electrical current, which is a different concept from the degradation of materials. Redox indicates reduction-oxidation reactions, which are key in electrochemical processes but do not specifically refer to the deterioration of metals. Thus, corrosion precisely defines the degradation caused by oxidation and environmental factors.