Which type of electrochemical cell converts electrical energy into chemical energy?

An electrolytic cell is the type of electrochemical cell that converts electrical energy into chemical energy. This process involves the application of external electrical energy to drive a non-spontaneous chemical reaction. The applied voltage causes the electrolyte to undergo electrolysis, leading to the decomposition of compounds or the deposition of elements.

In an electrolytic cell, positive ions are attracted to the cathode (negative electrode), where reduction occurs, while negative ions move to the anode (positive electrode), where oxidation takes place. The necessity for an external power source distinguishes electrolytic cells from other types of electrochemical cells.

For context, galvanic (or voltaic) cells operate in the opposite manner; they generate electrical energy from spontaneous chemical reactions. Therefore, while the other options suggest forms of electrochemical cells, they do not serve the purpose of converting electrical energy into chemical energy like electrolytic cells do.